Mercurial is a distributed source version control system. Compared with subversion, Mercurial is much more scalable, and everyone can commit his/her own effort. It is becoming more and more popular, and Python has switched to Mercurial recently. Here is a tutorial written by Bryan O'Sullivan and all notes below are extracted from it.

1. log
$ hg log -r [-v] [-p]
-v: verbose mode
-p: show content of a change

2. status
$ hg status
Show what Mercurial knows about the files in repository.

3. incoming, pull, update
We use pull to get the changesets from "remote" repository. But, to avoid blindly fetching, we should use incoming first to give us a clear view of what will be transferred.
$ hg incoming remote_repository
$ hg pull remote_repository
Because pull only bring changes into repository, we should use update to get a working copy. So, we should run:
$ hg update

4. outgoing, push, update
outgoing command will tell us what changes would be pushed into another repository. push command does the actual push. Then use update to get a working copy.
$ hg outgoing remote_repository
$ hg push remote_repository
$ hg update

5. heads, parents
We can view the heads in a repository using the heads command.
$ hg heads
Note: heads is different with parents. parents command is used to find out what revision the working directory is at.
$ hg parents

6. Removing a file does not affect its history. It has only two effects:

  • It removes the current version of the file from the working directory.
  • It stops Mercurial from tracking changes to the file, from the time of the next commit.

7. Mercurial considers a file that you have deleted, but not used hg remove to delete, to be missing. If you deleted the missing file by accident, give hg revert the name of the file to recover. It will reappear, in unmodified form.

8. Mercurial offers a combination command, hg addremove, that adds untracked files and marks missing files as removed.

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